{"id":115809,"date":"2025-01-23T11:54:25","date_gmt":"2025-01-23T16:54:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/?p=115809"},"modified":"2026-03-04T17:31:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T22:31:16","slug":"088-civil-war-nurses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/088-civil-war-nurses\/","title":{"rendered":"Object 88: Civil War Nurses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-awb-color-custom-8-background-color has-background\">This story is part of our series celebrating America\u2019s 250th anniversary. Find more captivating stories from the VA History Office at <em><a href=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/freedom-250\/\">Freedom 250<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image115809_3caf27-f6.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image115809_3caf27-f6 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:700px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image115809_3caf27-f6.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image115809_3caf27-f6 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image115809_3caf27-f6 figure{max-width:700px;}.kb-image115809_3caf27-f6 .image-is-svg, .kb-image115809_3caf27-f6 .image-is-svg img{width:100%;}.kb-image115809_3caf27-f6 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image115809_3caf27-f6\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-1-group-of-nurses-cropped.jpg\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"962\" height=\"568\" src=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-1-group-of-nurses-cropped.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-1-group-of-nurses-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Undated photo of Civil War nurses at Seminary Hospital in Washington, D.C.  \" class=\"lazyload kb-img wp-image-115826\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27962%27%20height%3D%27568%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20962%20568%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27962%27%20height%3D%27568%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-1-group-of-nurses-cropped.jpg?resize=300,177 300w, https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-1-group-of-nurses-cropped.jpg?resize=600,354 600w, https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-1-group-of-nurses-cropped.jpg?resize=768,453 768w, https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-1-group-of-nurses-cropped.jpg 962w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 962px) 100vw, 962px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Undated photo of Civil War nurses at Seminary Hospital in Washington, D.C. &nbsp;Over 6,000 women worked as nurses in Union hospitals during the war. (Library of Congress)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In May 1861, Georgeanna Woolsey walked into New York Hospital in Manhattan to begin training as a nurse for the Union Army. Nursing was an opportunity she had sought since the start of the <a href=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/topics\/civil-war\/\" data-type=\"post_tag\" data-id=\"27\">Civil War<\/a> in April, spurred by her brother-in-law\u2019s enlistment in the army. She had no previous medical experience and felt \u201chopeless\u201d on her first day. Yet, after a month in the hospital wards, she considered herself \u201ccompetent to any small emergency, or very simple fracture.\u201d Woolsey went on to deliver care to <a href=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/100-objects\/object-63-disabled-union-veterans\/\">sick and wounded Union soldiers<\/a> during almost every major military campaign in the eastern theater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Woolsey was one of over 6,000 women who, often without any prior medical training, served as nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War. About half were appointed through the office of <a href=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/100-objects\/object-55-dorothea-dixs-monument\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dorothea L. Dix<\/a>, who was named Superintendent of Army Nurses by the Secretary of War in June 1861. Hundreds more, including Woolsey herself, offered their services through private relief agencies such as the U.S. Sanitary Commission. Others were hired on a contract basis by military hospitals. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many women acted out of a desire to support their husbands, sons, fathers, or other loved ones fighting in the war. Nursing also offered gainful employment: women working as nurses in Union military hospitals earned $12 per month, almost the equivalent of a private\u2019s pay.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image115809_1d3df9-33.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image115809_1d3df9-33 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:349px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image115809_1d3df9-33.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image115809_1d3df9-33 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image115809_1d3df9-33 figure{max-width:349px;}.kb-image115809_1d3df9-33 .image-is-svg, .kb-image115809_1d3df9-33 .image-is-svg img{width:100%;}.kb-image115809_1d3df9-33 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image115809_1d3df9-33\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-2-Woolsey-Photo_CMH.png\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-2-Woolsey-Photo_CMH.png?w=1000\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-2-Woolsey-Photo_CMH.png?w=1000\" alt=\"Georgeanna Woolsey\" class=\"lazyload kb-img wp-image-115816\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271000%27%20height%3D%271000%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201000%201000%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271000%27%20height%3D%271000%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-2-Woolsey-Photo_CMH.png?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-2-Woolsey-Photo_CMH.png?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-2-Woolsey-Photo_CMH.png?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-2-Woolsey-Photo_CMH.png 1000w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Georgeanna Woolsey started her training as a volunteer nurse a month after the Civil War began. She served throughout the war, providing care for Union soldiers during almost every major military campaign in the eastern theater. (U.S. Army Center of Military History) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Female nurses tended to soldiers in city infirmaries, on hospital ships, and even on the battlefield, often putting their own lives in danger to minister to the injured. In addition to the physical risks, nurses endured long hours, strenuous working conditions, and rampant sexism from male doctors who disapproved of women in the medical field. Even so, nurses tolerated these hardships, Woolsey wrote in 1864, buoyed by the knowledge that they were \u201cpioneers\u201d and sustained by \u201cthe infinite satisfaction of seeing from day to day sick and dying men comforted in their weary and dark hours.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/womansreliefcorps.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/womansreliefcorps.org\/<\/a>Despite the invaluable service they rendered, Union nurses received no federal benefits after the war. They were also initially excluded from Union Veterans\u2019 organizations such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/100-objects\/object-25-grand-army-of-the-republic-parade\/\">Grand Army of the Republic<\/a>. In response, women created their own organizations in the hopes of securing both appreciation and benefits for their work as nurses. In 1881, Dorothea Dix founded the Ex-Nurses Association of the District of Columbia, later renamed the National Association of Army Nurses of the Civil War (NAAN). In 1883, the Grand Army admitted both Dix\u2019s group and the newly established Woman\u2019s Relief Corps (WRC) as auxiliaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The two organizations spearheaded efforts to compensate former nurses for their service. They created in-house charitable programs, such as the WRC\u2019s Relief Committee, so that \u201cno nurse, no woman who loved our country well enough to make personal sacrifices, will be left in need.\u201d&nbsp; In addition, they lobbied Congress to pass legislation granting pensions to former nurses, even if these pensions were only awarded on a case-by-case basis. By the mid-1880s, Congress had begun issuing pensions in the amount of $12 to $25 to individual ex-nurses who had been injured during the war or were without familial means of support.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image115809_1b604f-f6.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image115809_1b604f-f6 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:700px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image115809_1b604f-f6.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image115809_1b604f-f6 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image115809_1b604f-f6 figure{max-width:700px;}.kb-image115809_1b604f-f6 .image-is-svg, .kb-image115809_1b604f-f6 .image-is-svg img{width:100%;}.kb-image115809_1b604f-f6 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image115809_1b604f-f6\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-3-MM-Vol-79-pg-3921-Anne-Bell.jpg\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1100\" height=\"726\" src=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-3-MM-Vol-79-pg-3921-Anne-Bell.jpg?w=1100\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-3-MM-Vol-79-pg-3921-Anne-Bell.jpg?w=1100\" alt=\"A nurse tends to two Union soldiers in a military hospital in Nashville, Tennessee in 1864. (U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center)\" class=\"lazyload kb-img wp-image-115813\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271100%27%20height%3D%27726%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201100%20726%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271100%27%20height%3D%27726%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-3-MM-Vol-79-pg-3921-Anne-Bell.jpg?resize=300,198 300w, https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-3-MM-Vol-79-pg-3921-Anne-Bell.jpg?resize=600,396 600w, https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-3-MM-Vol-79-pg-3921-Anne-Bell.jpg?resize=768,507 768w, https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-3-MM-Vol-79-pg-3921-Anne-Bell.jpg 1100w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>A nurse tends to two Union soldiers in a military hospital in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1864. The duties performed by nurses included feeding and washing patients, changing their dressings, administering medicines, and comforting those in need. (U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>While these pension allowances were no doubt valuable to those who received them, leaders of the WRC and the NAAN advocated for a broader pension bill benefitting all former nurses. In early 1888, Republican Senator Henry W. Blair introduced a bill in Congress granting a $25 monthly pension to all former nurses who had served a minimum of six months. However, his proposal faced opposition from senators in both parties. Fellow Republican George F. Edmunds questioned why former nurses in \u201cperfect health\u201d should be eligible for such benefits, while Democrat James B. Beck downplayed the nurses\u2019 duties by saying that \u201cwomen who cooked for six months\u201d should not receive a $25 pension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The bill failed to pass. It fared slightly better when Blair reintroduced the measure in the next session of Congress. The Senate approved it after the WRC assured lawmakers that \u201cbut a few hundred\u201d former nurses would be affected by the legislation. But the bill died due to the inaction of the House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During that same session of Congress in 1890, however, lawmakers did approve a sweeping <a href=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/100-objects\/085-pension-ribbon\/\">service pension bill<\/a> awarding a $6 to $12 pension to all honorably discharged Union Veterans who had served for at least 90 days and now suffered from any kind of disability. The act also granted pensions to the <a href=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/100-objects\/object-16-war-of-1812-widows-pension-claim\/\">widows<\/a> and dependent children of deceased Veterans who met the service and honorable discharge requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image115809_95a433-0f.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image115809_95a433-0f .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:700px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image115809_95a433-0f.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image115809_95a433-0f .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image115809_95a433-0f figure{max-width:700px;}.kb-image115809_95a433-0f .image-is-svg, .kb-image115809_95a433-0f .image-is-svg img{width:100%;}.kb-image115809_95a433-0f .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image115809_95a433-0f\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-4-WRC-Photo-Cropped.jpg\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"994\" height=\"809\" src=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-4-WRC-Photo-Cropped.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-4-WRC-Photo-Cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Members of the Woman\u2019s Relief Corps, circa 1890. (Library of Congress)\" class=\"lazyload kb-img wp-image-115828\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27994%27%20height%3D%27809%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20994%20809%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27994%27%20height%3D%27809%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-4-WRC-Photo-Cropped.jpg?resize=300,244 300w, https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-4-WRC-Photo-Cropped.jpg?resize=600,488 600w, https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-4-WRC-Photo-Cropped.jpg?resize=768,625 768w, https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-4-WRC-Photo-Cropped.jpg 994w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 994px) 100vw, 994px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Members of the Woman\u2019s Relief Corps, circa 1890. The organization instituted its own relief program to assist former nurses in need and urged Congress to grant pensions to these women. (Library of Congress)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Former nurses had to wait another two years before they received satisfaction from Congress. In 1892, Congress granted a monthly pension of $12 to women who had been employed as nurses by the Army or other authority \u201crecognized by the War Department\u201d for at least six months during the Civil War. The law only applied to women who were no longer able to support themselves through their own labor. The WRC and the NAAN applauded the legislation\u2019s passage, even though the pension rate was less than the $25 sought in the Blair bill. Five years later, Union Army nurses also became eligible for burial in national cemeteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Compared to the 1890 service pension bill which added over 500,000 Veterans and survivors to the pension rolls, the 1892 law had limited reach. By the fall of 1894, an estimated 417 former nurses were collecting a pension from the government.&nbsp;Yet, the army nurses pension act was a landmark piece of legislation in its own right. In extending these long-overdue benefits to Civil War nurses, Congress acknowledged that women also deserved to be rewarded for their wartime contributions. The 1892 act paved the way for later legislation enacted during <a href=\"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/100-objects\/081-wwi-insurance-certificate\/\">World War I<\/a> that would grant women the same benefits as men for their military service.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>During the Civil War, thousands of women served as nurses for the Union Army. Most had no prior medical training, but they volunteered out of a desire to support family members and other loved ones fighting in the war. Female nurses cared for soldiers in city infirmaries, on hospital ships, and even on the battlefield, enduring hardships and sometimes putting their own lives in danger to minister to the injured. <\/p>\n<p>Despite the invaluable service they rendered, Union nurses received no federal benefits after the war. Women-led organizations such as the Woman\u2019s Relief Corps spearheaded efforts to compensate former nurses for their service. In 1892, Congress finally acceded to their demands.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":105,"featured_media":115826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[144,27,82,28,94,33],"class_list":["post-115809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-100-objects","tag-america-250","tag-civil-war","tag-nursing","tag-veterans-administration","tag-veterans-health-administration","tag-womens-history-month"],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","canonical_url":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/088-civil-war-nurses\/","smart_links":{"inbound":0,"outbound":0},"traffic_boost_suggestions_count":0,"meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Object 88: Civil War Nurses","url":"http:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/088-civil-war-nurses\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/088-civil-war-nurses\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-1-group-of-nurses-cropped.jpg?w=300","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/01\/088-1-group-of-nurses-cropped.jpg"},"articleSection":"History of VA in 100 Objects","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Department of Veteran Affairs"}],"creator":["Department of Veteran Affairs"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"VA History","logo":""},"keywords":["america 250","civil war","nursing","veterans administration","veterans health administration","women's history month"],"dateCreated":"2025-01-23T16:54:25Z","datePublished":"2025-01-23T16:54:25Z","dateModified":"2026-03-04T22:31:16Z"},"rendered":"<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"wp-parsely-metadata\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"headline\":\"Object 88: Civil War Nurses\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/department.va.gov\\\/history\\\/088-civil-war-nurses\\\/\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/department.va.gov\\\/history\\\/088-civil-war-nurses\\\/\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/department.va.gov\\\/history\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/10\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/088-1-group-of-nurses-cropped.jpg?w=300\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/department.va.gov\\\/history\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/10\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/088-1-group-of-nurses-cropped.jpg\"},\"articleSection\":\"History of VA in 100 Objects\",\"author\":[{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Department of Veteran Affairs\"}],\"creator\":[\"Department of Veteran Affairs\"],\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"VA History\",\"logo\":\"\"},\"keywords\":[\"america 250\",\"civil war\",\"nursing\",\"veterans administration\",\"veterans health administration\",\"women's history month\"],\"dateCreated\":\"2025-01-23T16:54:25Z\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-23T16:54:25Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-04T22:31:16Z\"}<\/script>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/department.va.gov\/p.js"},"meta_box":{"external_links":"0","endorsement":"0","subheading":"","featured_image_alt_text":"","byline":"Jordan McIntire, Research Historian, VA History Office","author_title":"Historian, Department of Veterans Affairs","external_source":"","external_source_url":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/105"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=115809"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115809\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":117310,"href":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115809\/revisions\/117310"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/115826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/department.va.gov\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}